Cultural differences important to consider for expats
AS A NEWLY retired person, do you really
expect EVERYTHING to go as planned? Consider the retiree who chooses to move to
another country as an expat and then winds up going back home, giving up on the
dream of living in a new culture because he or she can't seem to make needed
cultural adjustments.
Like so many others who try this
retirement experiment, conflicts (known and unknown) with the new country's
folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and
customs, too often end up in a nightmare - with the retired person wishing they
had stayed home in the first place.
From folklore to customs, such
"clues" typically link and give a common identity to a particular
group of people at a specific point in time, and yet they may result in major
points of misunderstanding.
Have you ever felt misunderstood when
trying to communicate with someone NOT from your own culture? It is easy to
happen...
19 Diversity Action Steps
But a new set of 19 Diversity Action
steps to aid in enhancing multicultural communication skills -- from expecting
misunderstandings to occur, to not expecting others to believe in your own
trustworthiness--provides good information for helping anyone who wants to
reach others from cultures other than their own. These rules provide a solid
guide, especially, to the retired person who wants to try a new and different
life; away from the home they have known all of their life.
In other words, these diversity action
steps could keep them from repacking their suitcase and asking for a ride to
the airport. And they come
from Tulin Diversiteam Associates, Wyncote, Penn., an
intercultural team of 15 professionals who for the past eighteen years have
specialized in "Excellence Through Diversity" Coaching, Consulting
and Training for executives, managers, supervisors and employees.
Step number one, expecting multicultural
misunderstandings are going to happen, at least some of the time, just makes
sense. For example, I once took a bus trip in the mountains of Ecuador. The bus
stopped along side of the road to allow ambulances through following a terrible
motor cycle accident. It was obvious to me that the motorcyclist was dead,
since he was lying on the highway and not moving -- and he was not being given
any medical attention.
I saw the unfortunate man as DEAD on the
road from a motorcycle accident. Period. Story over.
BUT THE NEXT day, I was talking with my
Spanish instructor about what I saw, and used a particular verb phrase that
indicated the man was dead. It turned out this particular phrase (Spanish for
"was dead") was not accurate in her eyes, because his death was not
totally confirmed and the accident took place just recently.
She told me that I should have used
different words for my description of death in order for my story to be a
completely accurate version of what I was telling her. Otherwise, I would not
be perceived as a trustworthy source of information to others, at least in
Ecuador. It was a valuable piece of feedback, and I made the change.
But let us move on.
Another step suggested by this
communication team is to ask "What's going on here?" when a
communication problem arises. "Be willing to change gears or communication
styles if necessary."
Easy to be Misunderstood in Conversations with People From Other Cultures
Have you ever felt totally misunderstood
when in a conversation with others who do not share your ethnicity? I know that
I have, and here is another quick story about a time when I had to ask myself
this question, in New York City, and then make a quick shift:
When my son was graduating from law
school, I ran into a tough communication problem with a group of people who
were sitting behind me. The convocation was in a small, crowded room and the
group was talking during the program. I asked them to be quiet, so that I could
hear, but I stupidly used a phrased that has some racist connotation -- asking for
"you people" to please quit talking.
I knew what I had done, as soon as I
said it, and sure enough, one man got in my face quickly, asking me what I
meant when I said "you people."
Thankfully, I immediately figured out
what he was thinking, seeing this phrase as an ethnic slur, a type of
stereotyping; it was rather rude of me to use this figure of speech in the
first place, but I simply meant to refer to the entire group, not just one
person.
I quickly tried to explain my intentions
-- that I have a hearing problem and when a number of people were talking, I
could not hear above the noise what was going on. I also stated that I did not
mean this as an ethnic slur, but that I could not hear the graduation speech. I
said this in a moderate tone of voice and looked him in the eyes when I said
it.
He got my message, laughed and asked his
relatives to tone it down.
Here are several other suggestions from
the Tulin team -- ideas we should all be able to relate to:
--Don't generalize about individuals
because of their particular culture; individual differences exist within any
group.
--Investigate whether communication
style or process, rather than content, is the cause of a conflict.
--Give honest and practical feedback;
don't "walk on eggshells" or speak for a person from another culture.
All good ideas to remember and use,
especially when in an unfamiliar culture.
Wide Differences When Conversation Nonverbal
While the Tulin list focuses
on verbal communication, there are also wide differences in nonverbal
expression that make a difference when seeking to understand people from
various cultures.
In fact, nonverbal communication or
body language provides an important part of how people pass on information to
each other and these differences also vary from culture to culture.
Consider, for instance, that hand and
arm gestures, touch, and eye contact (or its lack) are a few of the aspects of
nonverbal communication that may vary significantly depending upon cultural
background.
There are a number of gestures commonly
used in the United States that may have a different meaning and/or be offensive
to those from other cultures. Just one example focuses on the use of a finger
or hand to indicate "come here please". Because this is the gesture
is also used to beckon dogs in some cultures, it can be considered very offensive
to many people around the world.
Pointing with one finger is also
considered rude in some cultures; Asians typically use their entire hand to
point to something, for instance.
Understanding the potential problems
associated with nonverbal communication in health screenings, the Vermont
Department of Health recently underwrote a guide for practitioners that could
benefit their health-screening program. Several suggestions include issues such
as touch:
"While patting a child's head is
considered to be a friendly or affectionate gesture in our culture, it is
considered inappropriate by many Asians to touch someone on the head, which is
believed to be a sacred part of the body. In the Middle East, the left hand is
reserved for bodily hygiene and should not be used to touch another or transfer
objects.In Muslim cultures, touch between opposite gendered individuals is
generally inappropriate."
Another nonverbal communication area
noted by the Vermont Health Department includes eye contact. While in mainstream
Western culture eye contact is considered as attentiveness and honesty--we are
taught that we should "look people in the eye" when talking--in many
other cultures including Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Native American,
eye contact is thought to be disrespectful or rude.
Lack of eye contact does not mean that a
person is not paying attention, even though it is seen this way in North
American culture. In many non Western cultures, women may especially avoid eye
contact with men because it can be taken as a sign of sexual interest.
The Vermont health group noted
especially that when working with babies although it is common in Western
culture for adults to admire babies and young children and comment upon how
cute they are, this is avoided in Hmong and Vietnamese cultures "...for
fear that these comments may be overheard by a spirit that will try to steal
the baby or otherwise cause some harm to come to him or her."
With these rules in mind, and from
learning as much as possible about cultural communication differences before
moving into a new culture, a retiree who wants to live as an expat outside of
her or his familiar culture has a better shot at survival away from home.
*****
To arrange for Susan Klopfer to speak to your organization on retirement topics, contact her at http://susanklopfer.com